Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy and one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. The disease is often asymptomatic in its early stages and remains undiagnosed until significant optic nerve damage and visual field loss occur. The present hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Saraswati Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, during the year 2019, to determine the prevalence, pattern, and associated risk factors of glaucoma among adults. A total of 500 participants aged 40 years and above were examined using comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, including visual acuity testing, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement by Goldmann applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, fundus examination for optic disc changes, and automated visual field analysis. The diagnosis and classification of glaucoma were made according to the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. The overall prevalence of glaucoma in the study population was 7.8%, comprising 65% Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG), 25% Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG), and 10% Secondary Glaucoma. The mean intraocular pressure among affected individuals was 24.6 ± 3.2 mmHg. Significant risk factors included advancing age (≥50 years), positive family history, myopia, and systemic hypertension (p < 0.05). Males exhibited a slightly higher prevalence than females (8.2% vs. 7.4%), though not statistically significant. The findings highlight that glaucoma is a major cause of visual morbidity in the Indian population and often remains undiagnosed due to its silent progression. Routine adult eye screening with IOP measurement, optic disc evaluation, and visual field testing is crucial for early detection. Public awareness programs, especially for high-risk groups, can play a key role in reducing preventable blindness associated with glaucoma.

Glaucoma, Intraocular Pressure, Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma, Angle-Closure Glaucoma, Visual Field Defects, Optic Disc, Risk Factors, Ophthalmology, Screening, Blindness Prevention