Indian and other ancient systems of medicine have used many plants as treatment for diabetes mellitus. In this paper, we review a number of herbs with Indian ancestry and their bioactive components that have been used traditionally in Indian medicine to treat hyperglycaemia. Herbal remedies have become a significant source of medicinal aids for both humans and other animals across the universe. In the traditional medical system of the country, plants are used to treat diabetes. Around 800 plants and herbs are said to have anti-diabetic properties. Few of these have been examined in accordance with contemporary medicine. Many of these plants are only available as extracts, and their effectiveness in the management of diabetes has been studied in animals. The antidiabetic potential and bioactive ingredients of Pterocarpus marsupium, Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, and Tinospora cordifolia are thoroughly discussed in this review. Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Azadiracta indica, Bouganviella spectabilis, Ocimum sanctum, Murraya koeinhii, and other plants contain it. Their state behavior has been studied. Most appear to enhance pancreatic insulin production (pancreatic consequence). Some even have excess pancreatic physiological action effectively on body tissue like hepatocytes, muscular tissues etc. and governing gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, as well as other mechanisms. Plant products with fewer side effects could be hypoglycemic drugs. Those that also could result in better oral antidiabetic drugs. The review helps future research to isolate, detoxify, and classify biologically active anti-diabetic molecules in these plants.

Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Tinospora cordifolia, Antidiabetic potential, Bioactive ingredients.