Peptic ulcers are lesions that develop on the lining of the stomach, upper small intestine, or oesophagus. These lesions are primarily caused by the erosive actions of stomach acid on the mucosal barrier. A number of factors contribute to the formation of peptic ulcers, the most important of which are an infection caused by Helicobacter pylori and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) over an extended period of time, both of which impair the protective mucosal barrier. A number of factors, including smoking, drinking alcohol, and genetic predisposition, have the potential to further exacerbate the development of ulcers. A combination of clinical evaluation, endoscopy, and testing for H. Helicobacter pylori infection, such as the urea breath test or stool antigen test, is required in order to arrive at a diagnosis of peptic ulcers. In essence, the management strategies are geared around getting rid of H. The elimination of H. pylori by the use of antibiotics, the reduction of stomach acid output through the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 receptor antagonists, and the restriction of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The modification of one's lifestyle, which may include alterations to one's food and the reduction of stress, also serves as a supportive role. Ulcers that are not treated can result in problems like as bleeding, perforation, and blockage of the stomach. Therefore, it is essential to identify and treat ulcers as soon as possible in order to achieve the best possible results for patients.

Oesophagus,Stomach,Ulcers, Inflammation, Antibiotic