To improve their stability, reduce their immunogenicity and toxicity, and lengthen their in vivo circulation time, enzymes are immobilized within a nanomaterial. Some enzymes, whether they're used in medicine or not, benefit from immobilization methods. Synthetic polymers can be composited to study enzyme immobilization, especially for medical enzymes like lysozyme. The use of clay-based PNCs as carriers for regulated drug delivery holds much promise. The drug delivery systems used a wide range of clays, including saponite, kaolin, laponite, montmorillonite (MMT), and halloysite. It's safe to say that MMT has become the natural material of choice for the majority of applications. It's superior qualities include high availability, high internal surface area, and the capacity for high adsorption, swelling, and biocompatibility. Consequently, the FDA has deemed this drug to be GRAS. Applications in biomedical engineering involving composite nanomaterials span the gamut from disease diagnostics to therapy. Proteomic profiling can benefit from the integration of various multidisciplinary approaches, especially when trying to locate biomarkers. The use of nanomaterials in nanobiotechnology has aided in the 3-D printing of cell culture scaffolds, medical implants, drug design and delivery systems, biosensors for disease diagnosis, and medical imaging. Nanotechnology's parallel applications, integration, and automation are especially useful in biomedical technologies like point-of-care diagnostic kits, lab-on-achip technologies, and so on. The following sections focus on the applications of nanocomposites in the medical field, including biosensors, medical imaging, controlled drug delivery, and surgical implants.

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