Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most common of the cardiovascular diseases. Coronary artery disease occurs due to atherosclerosis which characterized by formation of atheromatous plaque at specific sites of coronary artery walls leading to narrowing of vessel lumen and blocking of blood flow.The formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which are characterized by the accumulation of lipids, local inflammation, smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, cell apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrosis, is a major causative factor of arterial stenosis, and involves a chronic inflammatory response initiated by endothelial damage and inflammatory cell activation.CDKN2A, also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, is a gene which in humans is located at chromosome 9, band p21.3 It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. The gene codes for two proteins, including the INK4 family member p16 (or p16INK4a) and p14arf Both act as tumor suppressors by regulating the cell cycle. The 9p21.3 region of the genome has been identified as the locus with strongest association to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in multiple independent large-scale genome-wide association studies. The 9p21 locus contains multiple CAD-associated singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in strong linkage disequilibrium, spanning a genomic region of over 50 kb

Coronary Artery Disease, Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A