This paper provides a review on infertility causes, investigations and treatment modalities. World health organization estimates, worldwide 60–80 million couples suffer from infertility. Infertility is not always a woman's problem. Both genders are equally responsible for the infertility cause. The male factor is the cause in approximately 23% Indian couples seeking treatment. No detectable cause can be traced after routine tests, which leaves the case as unexplained infertility. Causes of infertility are due to anatomical, physiological and genetic factors. The most common causes of impairment in fertility are uterine factors, menstrual and ovulation dysfunction. The etiology of infertility is an important criterion for recognition and characterization of infertile women. Advanced age, high body mass index, age of onset of sexual activity, prior pelvic surgeries and stress were the most significant risk factors associated with women’s infertility. Female infertility factors are ovarian factors, Fallopian tube obstruction, Anomalies, Advanced ages (over 35 years), Life style and Exercise. The optimal management of infertility is an early and accurate evaluation of the reproductive tract, including uterine cavity, tubal patency and tubo-ovarian structures. Unexplained infertility couples have a chance of spontaneous conception. The pregnancy rate per cycle is estimated to be 0.9-4.1% with expectant management.It is observed that all couples with unexplained infertility will conceive with duration less than 2 to 3 years. Other treatment methods include ovulation induction with cc, gonadotrophins, Intra-uterine insemination and In-vitro fertilization

Infertility, ovulation induction, management, pregnancy