Chemical synthesis is a cornerstone of modern science and industry, enabling the creation of new compounds with tailored properties and functionalities. This review paper provides an overview of chemical synthesis strategies and their applications, focusing on research conducted between 2012 and 2018. We begin by discussing the fundamentals of chemical synthesis, including its definition, significance, and key principles. Subsequently, we explore classical and modern synthesis methods, highlighting examples such as the Grignard reaction, transition metal catalysis, and click chemistry. We then examine the diverse applications of chemical synthesis strategies in drug discovery, materials science, nanotechnology, sustainable energy, and agricultural chemistry. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances, emerging trends, and future perspectives in the field of chemical synthesis. Through critical analysis and discussion, this paper underscores the importance of chemical synthesis strategies in advancing scientific knowledge and addressing societal challenges.

Chemical synthesis, organic synthesis, inorganic synthesis, biochemical synthesis, industrial synthesis, drug discovery, materials science, nanotechnology, sustainable energy, agricultural chemistry, Grignard reaction, transition metal catalysis, click chemistry, green chemistry, emerging trends, future perspectives.