Spondylolisthesis, characterized by the displacement of one vertebra over another, is a significant contributor to low back pain, with varying presentations and etiologies. This condition often stems from spondylolysis, a fracture in the vertebral arch, particularly affecting the L5 vertebra. Sometimes L4 vertebra can also be affected with spondylolisthesis. While some patients may remain asymptomatic, mechanical stress can lead to pain and disability. Multifidus atrophy, facet joint degeneration, and disc abnormalities are common findings in spondylolisthesis cases. Classification using the Meyerding system aids in grading the severity of vertebral displacement, which correlates with clinical symptoms and treatment approaches. Conservative therapies like physiotherapy including cupping therapy, acupuncture, and manipulation techniques, offer promising results in alleviating pain and inflammation associated with spondylolisthesis. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding and management strategies for this debilitating condition, emphasizing the importance of conservative treatments in improving patient outcomes.

Spondylolisthesis, characterized by the displacement of one vertebra over another, is a significant contributor to low back pain, with varying presentations and etiologies.