Conservation genetics is a critical field in biology that focuses on preserving genetic diversity in wild populations. This paper provides an overview of conservation genetics, highlighting its importance in maintaining the long-term viability of species. We discuss the concept of genetic diversity, factors influencing it, and the consequences of reduced genetic diversity. We also review key techniques used in conservation genetics, including DNA sequencing, genotyping, population genetics analysis, genetic rescue, and gene editing technologies. Furthermore, we explore the applications of conservation genetics in species conservation, such as endangered species management and captive breeding programs, as well as in ecosystem restoration through reintroduction programs and habitat conservation. Despite the progress made, challenges remain, including ethical considerations, technological limitations, and the integration of conservation genetics with other strategies. We conclude by discussing potential advancements in the field and the need for continued research and collaboration to address conservation challenges effectively.

conservation genetics, genetic diversity, endangered species, DNA sequencing, population genetics, genetic rescue, gene editing, species conservation, ecosystem restoration