ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) is a powerful software tool utilized by power systems engineers for electrical network modeling and simulation. Its primary purpose is to create an "electrical digital twin" and analyze the dynamics, transients, and protection mechanisms within electrical power systems. ETAP is built on a comprehensive foundation that allows for efficient design, analysis, management, operations, and facilitates complete digital transformation of projects, adapting to evolving system changes. One of the modules within ETAP is the Ground Grid Systems module, which enables engineers to design and analyze ground protection accurately and swiftly. It offers flexible design methodologies, allowing for both automated layout generation and highly detailed schemes. By utilizing high-efficiency multi-core parallel calculation techniques, ETAP enables rapid analysis of large-scale renewable applications with irregular characteristics. The main objective of the ground mesh in electrical substations is to dissipate dangerously high currents that may arise due to faults in the system. The ground grid mesh data is obtained from the site using the latest 2013 IEEE 81 methods. For the modeling, analysis, and optimization of grid ground mesh, ETAP-12 employs the IEEE 80-2000 methods. These methods provide analysis methodologies to address existing problems and design solutions, allowing the ground mesh to accommodate the expansion of substations in relation to increased power requirements. In summary, ETAP is a comprehensive software tool that empowers power systems engineers to create accurate electrical digital twins, perform detailed analyses, and optimize the design of ground grids. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability and protection of electrical power systems, especially in the context of expanding substations and renewable energy applications.

Ground Potential Rise (GPR), Step Voltage (Vs), Touch Voltage (Vt), Grounding Grid Resistance (Rg), Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP), Finite Element Method (FEM).