BACKGROUND Latent tuberculosis infection represents an immunological response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis without clinical evidence of active disease. Patients with CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease), especially those on RRT (Renal Replacement Therapy), are immunocompromised and at significantly higher risk of progression from latent to active tuberculosis. Early detection of LTBI (Latent Tuberculosis Infection) in this vulnerable population is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at RL Jalappa Hospital from September 2022 to December 2023. Sixty patients with Stage 5 CKD on RRT for at least 90 days, without evidence of active tuberculosis, were included. Patients with prior tuberculosis or previous LTBI treatment were excluded. After informed consent and ethical clearance, blood samples were collected for IGRA (Interferon Gamma Release Assay). Additional investigations included a complete blood count, renal function tests, serum electrolytes, and a chest X-ray. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, with categorical variables expressed as frequencies and proportions. Chi-square and t-tests were applied where appropriate. RESULTS Among 60 patients, 27 (45%) tested positive for LTBI by IGRA, while 33 (55%) were negative. The mean age of IGRA-positive patients was 49.93 ± 14.7 years, with no significant age or sex association (p > 0.05). The mean HbA1c levels exhibited no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.81). Alcohol consumption showed a statistically significant association with IGRA positivity (p = 0.001), whereas smoking, diabetes, and hypertension did not show significant correlation. Biochemical parameters, including serum creatinine, blood urea, sodium, and potassium, showed no statistically significant differences between IGRA-positive and negative groups. CONCLUSION A high prevalence (45%) of latent tuberculosis was observed among CKD patients on RRT. Routine LTBI screening using IGRA is recommended in this high-risk population. Alcohol consumption emerged as a significant associated factor. Early detection and preventive therapy may reduce progression to active tuberculosis and improve clinical outcomes.

Latent Tuberculosis, Interferon Gamma Release Assay, Chronic Kidney Disease, Renal Replacement Therapy, Hemodialysis.