Infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are increasing worldwide, and the number of untreatable diseases is rapidly growing. According to the Global Risk Report of the World Economic Forum, antibiotic resistance is one of the worst universal risks to animal and human health. Antibiotic resistance is not limited to human medicine; a similar trend has been found in the veterinary field because equivalent quantities of antibiotics are inadequately used in livestock to improve the health and production of animals, even resistance has been reported from organic farms.Beta-lactam antimicrobial agents represent the most common treatment for bacterial infections. An integral part of β-lactam antibiotics is the β-lactam ring. This four-membered ring is prone to hydrolysis (and subsequent deactivation) by β-lactamase enzymes.

Drug Resistance, Gram-Negative Bacteria