Invasive species are a significant threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. Understanding the factors that contribute to their establishment and the ecological impacts they have on native species and ecosystems is crucial for effective management and conservation. This paper synthesizes current knowledge on invasive species, focusing on their modes of introduction, factors influencing establishment, ecological impacts on native species and ecosystems, and management strategies. We highlight the importance of prevention and early detection in invasive species management, as well as the need for restoration efforts and policy measures to mitigate their impacts. Future research directions and challenges, including predicting future invasions and addressing climate change implications, are also discussed. By integrating research from various disciplines, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the ecological impacts of invasive species and identifies key areas for future research and management efforts.

invasive species, establishment, ecological impacts, management strategies, biodiversity, conservation, prevention, restoration, policy, climate change.