Environmental chemistry plays a crucial role in understanding and mitigating environmental challenges such as pollution and climate change. This review provides an overview of major environmental challenges, including air, water, and soil pollution, and discusses the sources, types, and impacts of chemical pollutants. Analytical techniques such as spectroscopy, chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sensor technologies are essential for monitoring pollutants. The review also examines solutions such as green chemistry, pollution prevention, and remediation techniques like bioremediation and phytoremediation. Case studies and examples illustrate successful environmental cleanup projects and the implementation of sustainable practices. Future directions and challenges include addressing emerging pollutants, advancing technological innovations, and strengthening policy and regulatory frameworks.

environmental chemistry, pollution, chemical pollutants, analytical techniques, green chemistry, bioremediation, phytoremediation, sustainable practices, policy, regulatory frameworks.