Oral cancer is a common and aggressive cancer with high morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rate globally. Early detection is of utmost importance for cancer prevention and disease management. At present, the application of traditional noninvasive methodsis limited by insufficient sensitivity and specificity. Compared to current imaging contrast agents, nanoparticles are more biocompatible, easier to synthesize, and able to target specific surface molecules.Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) synthesized by using sodium citrate as a reducing agent, were used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates to detect human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Our resultsreveal that the application of GNPs increased the rate of cancer detection in the normal and cancer cells compared to using Raman only. Moreover,there were no significant differences between the average nanoscale concentration ratio and its effect on the size of the cancerous or the normal cells in the null hypothesis. On the other hand, the alternative hypothesis shows significant differences between the average concentration of nanoparticles and their effect on the size of both the normal and cancerous cells

Oral cancer; Goldnanoparticles; Cytotoxicity; Diagnosis;Raman spectroscopy