Arabidopsis thaliana is widely used as a model plant in different biological experiments.Phaseolus vulgaris is an annual plant grown for its dry seeds and pods worldwide. The haploid microspore undergoes asymmetric cell division to produce two different sizes of cells, a smaller generative cell, and a larger vegetative cell. The generative cell undergoes further cell division to give rise to two functional sperm cells required for plant double fertilization.DUO1, HTR10, and GEX2 are transcription factors that have been restricted only to the pollen generative cells and sperm cells, which help complete gametophyte development.This paper aimed to study pollen grain development in A. thaliana, P. Vulgaris, and perform some molecular analysis for the relevant genes, such as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, sequence alignments, and phylogenetic analysis.Here, a series of wild-type pollen was screened for their developmental stages in both A. thaliana and P. Vulgarisat unpolarized microspore (UMS), polarized microspore (PMS), early bicellular (EBC), mid bicellular (MBC), late bicellular (LBC), early tricellular (ETC), late tricellular (LTC) and mature pollen (MP).The results also showed that the pollen grains inA. thalianahave an oval to a spherical shape, while the pollen grains in P. Vulgarishave a spherical to triangular and tricolpate in shape.The molecular detection of Arabidopsis DUO1, HTR10, and GEX2 genes and their orthologs,DUO1_PV, HTR10_PV, and GEX2_PV in P. Vulgaris, were confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction technique.The Arabidopsis DUO1, HTR10, and GEX2 sequences showeda homology of 100%, 100%, and 89% with deposited sequences in GenBank (Accessions: NM_115910.2, NM_101844.2, and AB743888.1) respectively. The P. Vulgaris gene sequences showed a homology of 82%, 99%, and 98% with deposited sequences in GenBank (Accessions: CP039352.1, XM_007150332.1, and XM_007138871.1), respectively.Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic evolutionaryrelationships were accomplished for current sequences by MEGAX_10.2.6 software.In general, the results showed a similarity to some extent between the current sequences and some deposited sequences in GenBank, and there is also a genetic relationship between them.The current manuscript was focused on the importance of microspore polarity and asymmetriccell division of microspore for pollen development, as well as the molecular confirmation of some genes associated with this process

Arabidopsis thaliana, Phaseolus vulgaris , Pollen, DUO1, HTR10, GEX2.