Genetic diversity is essential for the long-term survival and adaptability of endangered species, yet it is threatened by various factors such as habitat loss, small population sizes, and inbreeding. This review examines the importance of genetic diversity in species conservation and explores the factors influencing genetic diversity in endangered species. It also discusses methods for assessing genetic diversity and highlights conservation strategies, including in situ and ex situ approaches. Case studies illustrate the application of genetic diversity assessment in conservation, and examples of genetic rescue and augmentation efforts are provided. Legal and policy frameworks for genetic diversity conservation in different countries are also reviewed. Additionally, emerging technologies and tools for genetic diversity conservation are discussed, along with recommendations for future research and conservation practices.

genetic diversity, conservation, endangered species, inbreeding, habitat loss, population management, genetic rescue, ex situ conservation, in situ conservation, molecular markers, legal frameworks, emerging technologies