Background:Periodontitis, a common clinical condition affecting over 30% of some populations, poses a continuous pathogenic and inflammatory challenge due to the large epithelial surface in periodontal pockets. Its prevalence in pregnant women ranges from 5% to 20%, linking severe periodontal disease with pregnancy complications like pre-eclampsia and foetal growth restriction. This study aims to understand the changes in gingival and periodontal status across pregnancy trimesters. Methodology:This study, conducted at Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital, evaluated gingival and periodontal disease status in pregnant women aged 20-35 years. After ethical clearance and permissions, a pilot study determined the sample size, excluding subjects with certain systemic diseases or past periodontal therapy. Data was collected using a standardized proforma, assessing plaque, gingival status, and periodontal health through clinical examinations. The study used convenient sampling, and universal precautions were followed during examinations. Results:Ninety pregnant women, 30 per trimester, were examined. The study found increasing plaque and gingival index scores from the first to the third trimester, with the highest scores observed in the third trimester. Community periodontal index (CPI) scores ranged from 0-3, with no score above 3 found. There was no significant loss of attachment in any subject. The results indicate a clear deterioration of periodontal health throughout pregnancy. Conclusion:The study confirms that pregnancy exacerbates periodontal and gingival conditions, worsening from the first to the third trimester. Recognizing these high-risk groups is crucial for non-dental practitioners involved in prenatal care. Future research should focus on the importance of early oral and periodontal examinations and treatments in relation to pregnancy outcomes and systemic inflammation.

CPI. Gingival index, periodontal index, pregnancy, Three trimester of pregnancy