Groundwater contamination poses a significant environmental and public health challenge. This abstract provides an overview of the issues surrounding groundwater contamination and the strategies for assessing risks and implementing effective solutions. Groundwater contamination can occur due to various sources, including industrial processes, agricultural activities, and waste disposal. Contaminants, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and hydrocarbons, can infiltrate aquifers, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. The assessment of groundwater contamination risks involves comprehensive site evaluations, risk characterizations, and a thorough understanding of hydrogeological factors. Knowledge of contaminant migration and behaviour in the subsurface is crucial for decision-making. Remediation strategies include source control to prevent contamination at its origin, containment measures to isolate affected areas, pump-and-treat systems for contaminant removal, and natural attenuation where natural processes mitigate contamination. Innovative technologies offer promising solutions, while ongoing monitoring and regulatory compliance are critical for long-term success. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating geological, environmental, chemical, and biological expertise, is required to address groundwater contamination comprehensively. Proactive efforts and sustainable practices are essential to protect this invaluable resource, prevent environmental degradation, and safeguard public health.

Groundwater contamination poses a significant environmental and public health challenge.