The objective of this study is to address the limited available information on the bladder cancer microbiome. The research analysed microbe diversity and composition in individuals who have been diagnosed with bladder cancer and individuals who have not been diagnosed with bladder cancer, as the growth of various cancers has been connected to the human microbiome.The study included 40 patients, both with and without bladder cancer, which is a form of urologic disease.The study extracted DNA from the samples and performed 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing on them. We obtained community characteristics such as evenness and richness for alpha diversity and metrics for beta diversity. We used LEfSe (Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size) to find microbial components that had a higher abundance of sequences. Furthermore, pairwise statistics were used to assess significant distributions among groups in a quantitative manner.Out of the 40 samples analyzed, three groups were formed: control (consisting of 10 samples), muscle-invasive (consisting of 15 samples), and superficial urothelial carcinoma (consisting of 12 samples). The control samples showed a significantly higher evenness of species compared to both invasive and superficial tumors (with p-values of 0.031 and 0.002). Furthermore, noncancer samples had higher species richness than cancer samples (with a p-value less than 0.05 based on Faith phylogenetic diversity). The study identified enriched microbial taxa in both control and cancer samples, such as Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Burkholderiaceae in control samples, and Bacteroides and Faecal bacterium in cancer samples.

Microbiome, Urological diseases