Background: Obesity and anemia are prevalent conditions in reproductive-age females that may negatively impact heart rate variability (HRV), an important indicator of autonomic function and cardiovascular health. Objective:This study aimed to investigate the associations between obesity, hemoglobin levels, and HRV in reproductive-age females. Methods: A total of 200 reproductive-age females (voluntary participants) were enrolled, comprising 100 cases with obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) and 100 controls with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m²). HRV was assessed using standard metrics: the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Hemoglobin levels were categorized as decreased (<12 g/dL), normal (12-14 g/dL), and high (>14-16 g/dL). Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the differences in HRV across hemoglobin categories within cases and controls. Results: In this study involving 200 reproductive-age females. We examined the associations between obesity, hemoglobin levels, and heart rate variability (HRV). Cases exhibited significantly lower HRV measures (SDNN: 47.0 ± 11.5 ms; RMSSD: 28.1 ± 9.3 ms) compared to controls (SDNN: 55.3 ± 10.2 ms; RMSSD: 35.3 ± 7.8 ms; p < 0.001). Subjects with decreased hemoglobin showed the lowest HRV, while those with high hemoglobin had the best HRV measures among cases. Conclusion:The findings of this study demonstrate that individuals with higher body mass index (BMI) exhibit more pronounced alterations in heart rate variability (HRV), particularly when accompanied by low hemoglobin levels, compared to controls with normal BMI and similar hemoglobin status.Obesity and low hemoglobin levels independently and synergistically impair HRV in reproductive age woman. Addressing obesity and anemia through targeted interventions is essential for improving autonomic function and reducing cardiovascular risk in this population.

Obesity, Hemoglobin, Heart Rate Variability, Reproductive Age, Cardiovascular Health