Background:This study explores mechanisms behind liver aging, focusing on oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and regional environmental impacts. Given Indore's urbanization and pollution levels, this region provides an ideal setting to study how external factors may influence liver aging. Objectives: To investigate the roles of oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and environmental factors in liver aging, and to identify histological changes associated with these mechanisms across different age groups in Indore, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study examined liver samples from three age groups: young adults (18–30 years), middle-aged adults (31–60 years), and older adults (>60 years). Histological and molecular markers of fibrosis, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress (4-HNE, lipofuscin), and cellular senescence (p16) were assessed through staining techniques and quantified. Environmental data, including pollution levels (PM2.5, PM10, SO₂, NO₂) and dietary patterns, were collected from regional health reports. Statistical analyses involved ANOVA, correlation, and regression to determine relationships between age, histological markers, and environmental factors.Results:Significant age-related increases in fibrosis, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress markers (4-HNE, lipofuscin), and senescence marker p16 were observed, with older adults (>60) exhibiting the highest levels. Environmental factors correlated with liver aging markers, with pollution and dietary influences linked to increased fibrosis and steatosis scores. Age was a significant predictor of fibrosis (R² = 0.68) and lipid accumulation (R² = 0.72).Conclusions:Liver aging in Indore is marked by elevated fibrosis, steatosis, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence, with pollution and dietary factors accelerating these changes. Findings suggest the importance of region-specific diagnostic criteria and interventions to mitigate liver aging in urban, aging populations.

Liver aging, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, fibrosis, environmental factors, pollution, dietary patterns.