NSAIDs possess significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic qualities, making them valuable for treating osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. While oral NSAID therapy is highly effective, its clinical use is often limited due to potential adverse effects like gastrointestinal mucosa irritation and ulceration. Niosomes are expected to interact favorably with human skin when used in topical preparations, particularly by improving the characteristics of the skin's outer layer. This enhancement includes reduced trans-epidermal water loss and increased smoothness through replenishing lost skin lipids. Gel formulations typically facilitate faster drug release compared to ointments and creams. Therefore, the project aimed to formulate, characterize, and evaluate niosomes containing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs embedded in a gel matrix. The objective was to develop niosome-based gel formulations for in vitro permeation studies, followed by evaluation in in vivo studies on animals.

Niosomes, NSAIDs, Ketoprofen, Gel