With the growing concern for the environment, the significance of Zero-Energy Buildings (ZEB) is steadily rising as energy conservation becomes a crucial aspect.Consequently, extensive research is being carried out on high-efficiency renewable energy systems that can be implemented in metropolitan areas. Efforts to enhance the efficiency of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) have been suggested and examined in response to the demand for clean energy. Examples of methods involve applying phase switch material (PCM), employing heat fins, selecting specific wavelengths, reducing PV surface temperature, using a thermoelectric generator (TEG), and implementing convection cooling by harnessing waste heat from the PV. Previous research mostly evaluated the performance of each strategy through experiments or simulations. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the design for optimal performance has yet to be carried out. Hence, this study examines the design of a Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system combined with a Phase Change Material (PCM) and a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG), referred to as BIPV-TEG-PCM. In this study, we conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulations to investigate three variables: the temperature of phase change of the PCM, the heat fin spacing in the PCM container, and the TEG arrangement. Furthermore, the best design of the BIPV-TEG-PCM system was obtained using multiple objectives to optimize. The analysis yielded the following conclusions for the recommended structure: the correct melting point of the Phase Change Material (PCM) is 40 °C, the heat fin interval is 12.4 mm, and the setup of the Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) is 187 millimeter.

Thermoelectric Generator (TEG), Phase Change Material (PCM), Zero-Energy Buildings, BIPV-TEG-PCM