Radiation chemistry is a field of study that examines the chemical changes induced by ionizing radiation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, applications, recent advances, challenges, and future directions in radiation chemistry. The paper begins with an introduction to the definition and significance of radiation chemistry, highlighting its applications in medicine, industry, and environmental science. The fundamentals of radiation chemistry, including types of radiation, interactions with matter, and key concepts such as energy deposition and radiolysis, are then discussed. Subsequently, the paper explores the various types of chemical reactions induced by radiation, including ionization, dissociation, and cross-linking reactions, along with their primary and secondary mechanisms. The applications of radiation chemistry in polymerization, sterilization, cancer treatment, and environmental remediation are also detailed. Recent advances in radiation chemistry, such as new radiation sources, advanced modeling techniques, and novel applications, are highlighted. The review concludes with a discussion on the current challenges and potential future directions in radiation chemistry, emphasizing the need for continued research and innovation in this field.

radiation chemistry, ionizing radiation, chemical reactions, applications, recent advances, challenges, future directions