In most nations throughout the world, signatures have long been the primary indicator of authenticity and authorization in financial and legal operations, so there is a lot of demand for the development of real- time signature verification systems, especially offline signature verification. One of the problems that arise in offline signature verification is writing signatures with different scales and rotations because someone is not always consistent when writing their signature, thus significantly affecting the level of accuracy in offline signature verification. In addition, the existence of a signature that has a very high level of similarity between one individual and another and changes in lighting intensity and noise in the signature data can also affect the accuracy level of signature verification testing.

SIFT, SVM, handwriting signature