Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease that can be prevented through lifestyle modification, diet control, and control of overweight and obesity. Education of the populace is still key to the control of this emerging epidemic. Novel drugs are being developed, yet no cure is available in sight for the disease, despite new insight into the pathophysiology of the disease. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common complication and comorbidity of diabetes. Patients with diabetic foot ulcers have coexisting PAD at a proportion of approximately 50% and may suffer from chronic ischemic pain. Arterial brachial index (ABI) is a reliable method for identifying PAD and quantifying PAD severity. The value 0.9 has been used as a cutoff for signs of arterial occlusion. According to a clinical study, diabetic patients could have certain degrees of arterial occlusion at a higher ABI value because of calcified noncompressible arteries, and a possible consequence is the under diagnosis of PAD in this population. More specifically, another clinical study has shown that the cut-off value with the highest sensitivity and specificity for diabetic patients is between 1.0 and 1.1.Patients with PAD have a much higher rate of cardiovascular events. Reduced ABI has been identified as a risk factor for CVD events, cardiovascular death, and overall mortality. When compared to ABI equal to or higher than 0.9, ABI less than 0.9 was linked with a substantial increase in the primary composite endpoint of major cardiovascular events and the secondary endpoint of all-cause death in a retrospective study of approximately 450 patients with T2DM.The signs and symptoms of the peripheral arterial disease are based on the part of the body that is affected. About 66% of patients affected by PAD either do not have symptoms or have atypical symptoms.The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends an initial screening for PAD based on an exhaustive interview and a clinical examination including a history of decreased walking speed, leg fatigue, claudication, and the palpation of the pedal pulses.

Peripheral Artery Disease, Type 2 Diabetes