Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injuries are among neurological disorders that represent a major global health challenge due to their debilitating nature and the absence of curative treatments. Regenerative medicine has recently emerged as a revolutionary frontier, with new therapeutic strategies to restore damaged neural tissues and enhance functional outcomes. This systematic review addresses the current state of regenerative medicine, your areas of therapeutic potential include stem cell therapies, gene editing technologies, bioengineered scaffolds, and neurotrophic factors. A PRISMA-based methodology was utilized to identify 34 reviewed studies evaluating efficacy, safety, and translational potential. Stem cell-based approaches promise potential in replacing lost or damaged neurons and their ability to modulate inflammatory responses, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs). CRISPR/Cas9 and other gene-editing tools allow for fine-tuning corrections of the genetic mutations responsible for neurodegenerative diseases and hold promise in conditions like Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Synthetic scaffolds serve as the structural support for the regenerated tissues and neurotrophic factors have an essential role in the survival and differentiation of the neural cells. Despite all the advancements, there still exist barriers such as immune rejection, tumorigenicity, ethical concerns, and lack of long-term efficacy in clinical settings. These trends followed by the approach of regenerative medicine as a drug to meet various unmet needs in such neurological disorders have been reviewed herein. Although promising, future studies remain necessary for optimizing these therapies and overcoming translational issues while ensuring their safety and efficacy in broader clinical applications.

Regenerative medicine, neurological disorders, stem cell therapy, CRISPR/Cas9, bioengineered scaffolds, neurotrophic factors, neural regeneration