Volume 20 No 20 (2022)
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The Principles of the U.S. Foreign Policy and the Factors Influencing its Formation
Mohammad Hossein Nejati
Abstract
The value system and national characteristics that shape a nation's identity as a nation-state usually give rise to and influence that nation's foreign policy, which is then theorized, formulated, and put into practice on the ground in accordance with the achievement of that nation's short-, medium-, and long-term objectives. The United States of America is not an exception as a superpower in the world order. This study aims to identify the key elements of American foreign policy's theoretical and philosophical underpinnings with the help of the descriptive-explanatory approach and a theoretical viewpoint. To prioritize and emphasize each of these elements and influencing factors at any given time, it also studies and explains each of their nature and philosophical traits. The research's findings also demonstrate that the three main pillars of American foreign policy's philosophical and theoretical framework after World War II were national interests, including economic interests, security interests, and ideological interests, along with American identity and values. These three elements, which have been influenced by doctrines of presidents, exceptionalism and selfsuperiority, neoconservatism, belief in a historical mission in relation to world leadership, efforts to provide the best and most effective foreign policy strategy to secure interests and America's national security, and the spread of liberal democratic values in the world, have led me to this conclusion.
Keywords
Principles, foreign policy, United States of America, national interests, value bases, American identity
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