Biodiversity plays a crucial role in ecosystem functioning by enhancing productivity, stability, and the provision of ecosystem services. This paper reviews insights from experimental studies on the mechanisms linking biodiversity to ecosystem functioning. Niche differentiation, species interactions, and functional diversity are highlighted as key processes through which biodiversity enhances ecosystem processes. Findings from experimental studies in grasslands, aquatic systems, and forests demonstrate that higher biodiversity leads to improved resource use efficiency, greater resistance to disturbances, and enhanced ecosystem services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration. The implications for conservation and management are significant, emphasizing the importance of protected areas, habitat restoration, and integrating biodiversity into land-use planning. Policy measures, including biodiversity targets and indicators, are essential for monitoring and achieving conservation goals. Future research should focus on long-term experiments and scaling up findings to real-world applications to ensure ecosystem sustainability. By recognizing the intrinsic and utilitarian value of biodiversity, we can better protect and manage natural ecosystems for future generations.

Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, Niche Differentiation, Species Interactions, Functional Diversity, Conservation Strategies, Protected Areas, Habitat Restoration, Ecosystem Services, Long-term Experiments, Land-use Planning