Nigella sativa (N. Sativa), well recognized as black cumin has been utilized as a medicinal plant that has a strong traditional background. The seeds of N. sativa contain fixed oil, essential oil, proteins, alkaloids and saponins. A good number of biologically active molecules are also present, such as thymoquinone (TQ), flavonoids, α-hederin, alkaloids, antioxidants and fatty acids which are good for a healthy well-being. Numerous laboratory research and clinical studies have established that TQ exhibited a role in cancer management through the activation and inactivation of molecular cascades. It exhibits killing of cancer cells through activation of tumoursuppressor gene, inhibition of angiogenesis and inhibition of transcription factor as well as enzymes linked to cancer development and progression. The implications of TQ as an antitumor agent were studied based on breast carcinoma and it was confirmed that it is an anti-proliferative agent. Thymoquinone (TQ) possesses anticonvulsant, antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic properties. It could be utilized to treat drug misuse or dependence, and those with memory and cognitive impairment. TQ protects brain cells from oxidative stress, which is especially pronounced in memory-related regions. TQ exhibits antineurotoxin characteristics, implying its role in preventing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. TQ’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties protect brain cells from damage and inflammation. Glutamate can trigger cell death by causing mitochondrial malfunction and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reduction in ROS production can explain TQ effects in neuroinflammation.

Thymoquinone, Neurological Diseases