The global distribution of vaccines is one of the most significant logistical challenges faced by the healthcare sector, particularly when vaccines require stringent temperature control during transportation and storage. Cold chain logistics is crucial to ensuring the potency and effectiveness of vaccines, as even small deviations from the required temperature ranges can result in vaccine spoilage or reduced efficacy. The COVID-19 pandemic has further emphasized the critical importance of resilient vaccine distribution supply chains, as the rapid development and deployment of vaccines require robust cold chain systems to deliver vaccines safely to populations around the world. This research article explores the challenges faced in vaccine distribution, particularly those related to cold chain logistics, and proposes strategies for building cold chain resilience. It also examines technological innovations, best practices, and collaborative approaches that can improve the efficiency, reliability, and scalability of vaccine distribution systems worldwide.

Vaccine Distribution, Cold Chain Logistics, Supply Chain Challenges, Vaccine Efficacy, Temperature Control, Cold Chain Resilience, Vaccine Delivery