Small RNA plays important role in regulation of gene expression and decides the cell fate. They are found to regulate mRNA transcript which in turn are responsible for translating into proteins. Recent discovery of PIWI-interacting RNAs revealed many mysterious dimensions of biology as they are known to regulate “the ancient relics” called as transposons or “jumping genes”. Previously PIWI-piRNA pathway was known to be germline specific but recent studies shown their strong role in somatic cells and neurons in diverse organism. Hence, this review is the study of multifaceted role of piRNA in transposon regulation with the compilation of their recent discovery in different cell types in order to provide a strong understanding of their role in Disease diagnosis and medicinal therapeutics to research fraternity.

PIWI-interacting RNA Transposons, neurons, Disease Diagnosis, Medicinal Therapeutics