Mental disability is a group of causes that lead to damage to the central nervous system, especially the cerebral cortex. Which includes the centers of speech and higher mental processes, visual-motor coordination, the sense of reading and hearing. These causes can occur before, during or after birth. Mental disability that has common characteristics into sub-categories, also has common characteristics among them. Most of the causes of mental disability are not yet known, as 25% of the causes are known and 75% of the causes are unknown. The causes of mental disability are divided as follows: the causes of the prenatal stage such as genetic causes and the environment, the causes of the intrauterine stage Childbirth, such as lack of oxygen, trauma, infections, etc., causes of the pre-birth stage, such as malnutrition, accidents, diseases, drugs and medications. The causes of mental disability are classified into groups, which are: a group of reasons for the prenatal stage, a group of reasons for the stage of childbirth, a group of reasons for the postpartum stage, as the subject of the curriculum and methods of teaching disabled persons is considered one of the important topics in the field of special education in general and mental disability in particular.

Mental Disability, Visual-motor, Postpartum Stage, Childbirth